1. By default, which access specifier is applied to members of a C++ class?
A) Public
B) Protected
C) Private
D) Internal
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2. In C++, which of the following is not allowed in function overloading?
A) Different parameter types
B) Different number of parameters
C) Different parameter order
D) Different return types
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3. What will be the output of the following code?int x = 5; cout << ++x + 1;
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
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4. What is a key difference between a struct in C++ and C?
A) C++ structs cannot have functions
B) C++ structs can have different access specifiers
C) C structs support inheritance
D) C structs can have access modifiers
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5. If a member is declared protected in a base class, who can access it?
A) Derived classes
B) Any class
C) Only the base class
D) No one
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6. Which function in C++ is used to dynamically allocate memory?
A) malloc()
B) new
C) alloc()
D) memalloc()
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7. What is the result if a derived class object calls a non-virtual base class function?
A) Error
B) Base class function executes
C) Derived class function executes
D) Undefined behavior
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8. What will be the output of the following code?int a = 10, b = 5; cout << (a + b);
A) 10
B) 5
C) 15
D) 0
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9. What will be the output of the following code?static int x = 10; cout << x;
A) 10
B) 0
C) 1
D) Garbage
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10. What is the purpose of the ternary operator?
A) To iterate through loops
B) To convert types
C) To break loops
D) To conditionally select one of two values
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11. What is the purpose of 'endl' in C++?
A) To end the program
B) To insert a newline and flush the output buffer
C) To start a new scope
D) To end a statement
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12. What will happen if you run the following code?while(1) { cout << "Hello"; }
A) It will print "Hello" once
B) It will print "Hello" twice
C) It will print "Hello" indefinitely
D) It will cause an error
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13. Which of the following statements about C++ references is true?
A) They are pointers
B) They can be NULL
C) They can be reassigned
D) They cannot be reassigned
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14. In C++, what does the 'this' pointer represent?
A) Pointer to the base class
B) Pointer to the current object
C) Pointer to the derived class
D) Pointer to the next object
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15. Which cast is used for safe downcasting in C++?
A) dynamic_cast
B) static_cast
C) const_cast
D) reinterpret_cast
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16. What is the purpose of a virtual function in C++?
A) To define a constant function
B) To define a template function
C) To initialize the base class
D) To allow polymorphic behavior
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17. Given void add(int &sum, int a, int b) { sum = a + b; }, what does this function do?
A) Returns the sum
B) Does not modify sum
C) Sets sum to the sum of a and b
D) Multiplies sum by a and b
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18. What will happen if you declare int x = 5; int x = 10; in the same scope in C++?
A) The output will be 10
B) Compile error due to redefinition
C) The output will be 5
D) Undefined behavior
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19. How does C++ handle multiple inheritance with virtual inheritance?
A) Through structs
B) With multiple parent classes
C) By inheriting from base classes
D) By using interfaces
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20. When is the memory allocated for an array automatically released in C++?
A) Upon exiting its scope
B) When a deallocation function is called
C) When memory is full
D) Manually by the programmer
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